Nueva México or Nuevo México

Nueva Mà ©xico or Nuevo Mà ©xico Both Nueva Mà ©xico or Nuevo Mà ©xico  are in fairly common use, and an argument can even be made for a third spelling, Nuevo Mà ©jico. But, the strongest argument rests with Nuevo Mà ©xico, for two main reasons: Nuevo Mà ©xico is the spelling used by the Diccionario de la lengua espaà ±ola, the Royal Spanish Academys dictionary and the closest thing there is to an internationally accepted standard for the language.Nuevo Mà ©xico is the spelling that appears to be preferred by the New Mexico state government. While the feminine form can be found occasionally on state-run websites, the masculine form is far, far more common. Both the masculine and feminine forms have a long history. The first well-known book about the area - an epic poem and travelogue - was Historia de la Nueva Mà ©xico written by Capitn Gaspar de Villagr in 1610. Indeed, many older writings use the feminine form, while the masculine form predominates today. The default gender for place names is masculine for place names that dont end in an unstressed -a. But the New place names are a common exception - for example, New York is Nueva York and New Jersey is Nueva Jersey. New Orleans is Nueva Orlens, although that can be explained by its derivation from the French name, which is feminine. Both Nueva Hampshire and Nuevo Hampshire are used in referring to New Hampshire. Theres a Nueva Londres in Paraguay, and the city of New London in Connecticut is sometimes referred to by that name as well in Spanish-language texts. Perhaps it is the influence of the many Nueva place names that encourages continued use of Nueva Mà ©xico in popular speech and writing. As to the use of  Nuevo Mà ©jico (the pronunciation is the same as for Nuevo Mà ©xico, where the x is pronounced like the Spanish j, not as in English), its considered an acceptable spelling by the Academy. Its the spelling used in state law for the pledge to the state flag and in the Spanish-language state song. However, there is also a bilingual state song, and it uses the spelling Nuevo Mà ©xico. So take your pick.

Writing a Good Biology Research Paper

Writing a Good Biology Research Paper Biology research papers can be very challenging for many students. Biology is such a broad field and the range of topics for research papers is vast. Biology research papers are not the hardest scientific papers to write but they do take time. There are many sources available for your biology research papers. Actual sources are needed because you cannot use your thoughts or feelings in your biology research paper. You need to answer a scientific question or hypothesis supported by material found from texts, experiments, and journals. Essentially a biology research paper would be based on some form of plant or animal life. A more basic biology research paper would discuss some basic concepts found in science. Questions can be answered on mitosis, meiosis, explain experiments you conducted in class, investigate the differences between sexual and asexual reproduction, investigate cell division, describe single cell life forms and how they evolved into multiple cell life forms, discuss Darwin and the evolution theory. There are many topics. It is a matter of finding one that interests you. Supporting material can come from books, textbooks, scientific journals, class notes, experiments conducted even some online sources. Illustrations and graphics can also help to present information that is difficult to explain in words. Many people respond better to pictures as means of illustration. Graphs and graphics can help cement a point to your audience. Assigned to write a research paper? Here is a great  guide to the research paper writing: How to Write a Research Paper It is important that you understand the assignment given before you choose your biology research paper topic. There are often specific guidelines and questions that must be answered completely independent of the chosen topic. Plan your biology research paper, make sure the structure is correct and that you have access to the appropriate amount of supporting material. The most important rule, try not to procrastinate! A biology research paper that is written at the last minute does not have the content or supporting materials to be rewarded with a good mark. Biology research papers take some time so don’t leave it to the last minute. Contact our support team if you have questions or need assistance in writing your research paper in biology or place an order.

Good Nursing Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Good Nursing Practice - Essay Example skills or tasks; rather, it is an attitude that informs behaviour.† In nursing, leadership is portrayed through the ability of nurses to progressively improve the health care through influencing others; whether patients or the fellow workmates. Leaders should possess the capability of helping people plan, lead, organize and control employees’ activities. According to Wheeler, (2012), the prominent challenge facing the nursing profession is the development of future nurse leaders. All nurses require leadership skills at all hierarchical levels. Some of the crucial roles of a nurse leader include acting as a role model to their colleagues, ensuring optimal care through collaboration and provision of support and information. Additionally, they defend the rights of the patients and provision of care based on a theoretical and research background. Nurse leaders should also have management knowledge, team work and communication competence. Some of the personal characteristics necessary for a nurse include courage, collaboration, creativity and confidence. They should enact changes depending on the changes in technology and working environment (Wong?and Cummings,?2007:508-521). The heath care environments are constantly changing and producing new changes to the nurse leaders that limit their performance if they do not device the efficient strategies for handling them. Leadership skills entail the art of making people produce extra ordinary impacts while experiencing challenges and other barriers. Direct, hierarchical approach to leadership is an impediment to task completion and performance. Nursing leadership should adopt the style of listening, encouraging and facilitating role play. Tregunno, D. et al. (2009:337) defines leadership, â€Å"the ability to create new systems... This report stresses that student nurses operate in hospitals, nursing homes or doctor’s offices. Their effectiveness is a product of the application of both professional and personal skills. The four main skills that a student nurse should possess for efficient delivery of services include leadership, communication, and team work and organization skills. The standards outlined in the NMC code of conduct offers the guidelines required in the implementation of the four skills. Leadership skills are exhibited through the ability of nurses to progressively improve the health care through influencing others; whether patients or the fellow workmates. Ineffective communication causes misunderstanding leading to the prevalence of misdiagnosis or medication errors. This paper makes a conclusion that team work skills are mandatory for any student nurse as nursing is a collective profession. Organizational skills helps a nurse stay focused on the correct tasks, assist in setting priorities, and offer confidence that a person is following the correct footpath towards achievement of goals. Application of the stated skills enables the student nurses to deliver essential health care for all, safeguard the public well-being as well as be accountable for safe, patient-centred and evidence-based practice. The nurses will also be able to exhibit professionalism and integrity within the concept of ethical and legal practice.

Country Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Country Report - Essay Example After Japan suffered defeat in World War II, Korea was liberated and Soviet-American agreements exploited the divisions that had sprung up during the previous decades. Aggravated by old resentments, nationalistic attitudes, and the politics of the new Cold War, the Soviet-American actions further divided North and South Korea, precipitated the Korean War, and erected a lasting wall dividing a country that 50 years earlier had been united. The story of Korea is the story of a once deeply unified people that have been profoundly distanced in a world apart. The divisions that existed in Korea after Japan's defeat in World War II were the result of Japan's occupational tyranny. Divisions between the left and the political right, between capitalism and Chinese communism, the nationalists and the Japanese sympathizers, only further disappointed those that expected immediate independence after Japan's defeat. Even with these disagreements across the country, Korea may have been able to heal its wounds, find some common ground and engage in a program of unification and independence. However, the Soviets and the Americans had already dashed any hope that the Korean's may have had for unification and they were unwittingly being setup for even greater division (Gourevitch). The initial plans to turn Korea into an American-Soviet trusteeship had fallen through. In the days after the atomic bombs had been dropped, but before Japan surrendered, America already was planning out the future for Korea. While the Russians occupied the Northern Provinces and the US forces occupied the South, they were forming coalitions and governments that would be sympathetic to their respective ideologies. The Northern Provinces were primarily revolutionaries and communists led by Kim Il Sung, an anti-Japanese revolutionary (Gourevitch). By 1946, the communists were able to form a cohesive political party in the North and were able to man a small army. The South, with Seoul, had the ruling seat of government but was staffed by bureaucratic positions that were more often perceived as Japanese collaborators left behind after the occupation. Late in 1945, Dr. Syngman Rhee returned to Korea after residing outside the country during the period of Japanese imperialism. Many U.S. officials favored Rhee, a staunch anti-Communist, to form the new government. Rhee and US Occupation forces made plans to establish a separate government administration in South Korea by organizing the bureaucracy left behind by the Japanese. Rhee's newly established government set out to cripple his political opponents and destroy any possibility of a leftist uprising in anticipation of overpowering the North and gaining complete control of the unified Korea. By 1949, Rhee had imprisoned 30,000 of his political enemies, had another 70,000 imprisoned in "Guidance Camps", and by December 1949 he was arresting as many as 1,000 suspected communists per day (Cumings, 223). These dictatorial tactics were designed to maintain his power while he eliminated any remaining resistance in the South for a planned invasion of the Northern Provinces. Who started the war, and who took the first offensive action

Human Organ Donation Opinion Paper Essay Example for Free

Human Organ Donation Opinion Paper Essay Organ Transplants Everyday there are horrific accidents where people become so damaged that their organs fail to work. Or their organs have just had enough abuse and decide that it’s time to give up. Well this can all be fixed using organs from other people who have died but their organs or that one particular organ is intact because they died of other causes. Organ transplanting is so great that some people have even taken it into their own hands to sell and transplant organs, which is not the best way to do this. Organ transplanting has changed the world for the best, however, some may ask why organ transplanting or what are the benefits to this? Well there are many benefits! First thing to know is that there are several different types of transplants. These include heart, liver, kidneys, lungs, and all the major organs. If one is suffering from a deadly heart disease or has a failing heart, and regular surgery and standard therapy no longer apply, the doctors can now implant a new heart so the patient has more time to live their life. How cool is that?! This procedure can be done with almost every organ in the human body! If you are wondering why you need to know this, it’s because you do. Someday it may be you on that operation table receiving a new lung or a new heart. The truth is everyone is a possible target for organ failure and if you are more aware of what is happening around you, maybe you will be more understanding when it possibly happens to you. There are alternatives however. One may be, as far out as this may sound, a criminal who has been injured in a heist. He may not want to go to the hospital because he will be seen and caught. Therefore he turns to the black market for organs. Though the organs here are a little more unsanitary, they can be implanted in a makeshift operation room. The reason there is an organ black market is due to the sole fact that people want money. They will sell their unneeded organs (kidneys for example) for money. And if you live in the slums of Brazil, where the majority of the organs come from, the money can be a life saver, even if it is only 6,000 to 10,000 dollars. Do not get it into your mind that only criminals use the black market, leaving out the fact that the black market is illegal and using it makes you a criminal. People living in countries with no pre-paid health care system may not have enough money to go to a hospital and pay ridiculous amounts of money for a new organ. This is when they turn their back on the hospital and turn to the black market, who is welcoming them with open arms. If that person doesn’t mind something a little more unsterile then a hospital, then the black market is the right place for them. However they are now criminals because the black market is illegal. The black market also will buy out some criminally minded funeral homes and carve up the bodies for some extra skin tissue or some of the organs. This is one of the reasons why the black market illegal. In conclusion, I think that the idea of carving up dead bodies without consent is wrong, but I do believe that people who are alive and wanting to sell a kidney should be allowed to do so. So basically I think that the black market is not such a bad thing but some people take it too far and those are the people who should pay for their crimes. References Canadian Society of Transplantation. (n.d.). Canadian Society of Transplantation. Retrieved February 25, 2013, from http://www.transplant.ca/pubinfo_organtrans.htm Canadian Transplant Society | Canada Transplant. (n.d.). Canadian Transplant Society | Canada Transplant. Retrieved February 25, 2013, from http://www.cantransplant.ca/ Organ and Tissue Transplantation and Alternatives by BCC Research in Blood Supply, Tissue Banking, Transplantation, United States. (n.d.). MarketResearch.com Market Research Reports Business and Industry Analysis. Retrieved February 25, 2013, from http://www.marketresearch.com/BCC-Research-v374/Organ-Tissue-Transplantation-Alternatives-6122367/ Scheve, T. (n.d.). HowStuffWorks The Organ Black Market. HowStuffWorks Science. Retrieved February 25, 2013, from http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/human-biology/organ-donation7.htm

Free Essays - The Role Model in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

The Role Model in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" gives a visual look at the time in which the author Samuel Clemens lived. He explains how he felt about his life through the eyes of a young boy named Huckleberry Finn. Huckleberry Finn has many adventures that teach him life lessons we can learn from today. Although there are differing opinions on whether Huck Finn is a good role model for today's young people, I will explain why I think he is. Huck is a good role model for several reasons. First, he believes that slavery is wrong. He believes in treating people equally regardless of color. When Huck sees the widow's runaway slave Jim on Jackson's Island, he has mixed emotions about what he should say and do. He feels badly that the widow is going to sell Jim and separate him from his family. Huck decides against better reasoning to help Jim escape down the Mississippi River to Cairo. Another example of good role modeling is Huck's faithfulness to those he loves and cares for. Huck lies to protect Jim on several occasions. Lying is not the best thing, but to Huckleberry, the truth is not always a black and white issue. He is faithful to his friends and chooses friendship instead. He knows that Jim's family needs him. In today's language, Huckleberry's reaction to Jim's situation would reflect what Spock of Star Trek says, "The needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few." An illustration of another positive side of Huck shows us that he has a good and true heart, and the best intentions even though they may not turn out right. For example, the widow tells Huck to pray for the dinner they are having. Huck's interpretation is, "God thank you for the meal and if you get the chance, please let me catch a big catfish." The widow tells Huck that he shouldn't pray for material things. Huck disagrees because his Sunday School teacher teaches him to pray to God for what you want, and it will be granted. The widow tells him that the teacher is talking about spiritual things. He still disagrees, and Free Essays - The Role Model in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays The Role Model in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" gives a visual look at the time in which the author Samuel Clemens lived. He explains how he felt about his life through the eyes of a young boy named Huckleberry Finn. Huckleberry Finn has many adventures that teach him life lessons we can learn from today. Although there are differing opinions on whether Huck Finn is a good role model for today's young people, I will explain why I think he is. Huck is a good role model for several reasons. First, he believes that slavery is wrong. He believes in treating people equally regardless of color. When Huck sees the widow's runaway slave Jim on Jackson's Island, he has mixed emotions about what he should say and do. He feels badly that the widow is going to sell Jim and separate him from his family. Huck decides against better reasoning to help Jim escape down the Mississippi River to Cairo. Another example of good role modeling is Huck's faithfulness to those he loves and cares for. Huck lies to protect Jim on several occasions. Lying is not the best thing, but to Huckleberry, the truth is not always a black and white issue. He is faithful to his friends and chooses friendship instead. He knows that Jim's family needs him. In today's language, Huckleberry's reaction to Jim's situation would reflect what Spock of Star Trek says, "The needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few." An illustration of another positive side of Huck shows us that he has a good and true heart, and the best intentions even though they may not turn out right. For example, the widow tells Huck to pray for the dinner they are having. Huck's interpretation is, "God thank you for the meal and if you get the chance, please let me catch a big catfish." The widow tells Huck that he shouldn't pray for material things. Huck disagrees because his Sunday School teacher teaches him to pray to God for what you want, and it will be granted. The widow tells him that the teacher is talking about spiritual things. He still disagrees, and

Argumentative Paper- Innocent Until Proven Guilty

More than 20 years ago, Troy Davis, an African-American man from Georgia, was convicted of shooting and killing an off-duty police officer and sentenced to death. Several years later, seven out of nine eyewitnesses altered or completely recanted their stories (Troy). There was an obvious lack of evidence linking Davis to the crime. His legal team argued that he was Just in the â€Å"wrong place at the wrong time† (Troy). The U. S. Supreme Court repeatedly ruled against Davis' appeals for a new trial. Davis was ultimately executed based on the original Jury verdict.Troy Davis maintained his innocence until his death by lethal injection on September 21, 2011. His last words to the family of the murdered officer were, â€Å"All I can ask is that you look deep into this case so you can really find the truth† (Troy). There are a countless number of convicts like Troy Davis that are sentenced to death, but insist they are innocent. How do we know if they are truly guilty or n ot? Just because a Jury finds a person guilty, does not mean they are. From 1976-2005, 119 people were released from death row with evidence of their innocence Cost).This hooked push lawmakers to abolish capital punishment, also known as, the death penalty. There are several reasons why the U. S. Should abolish the death penalty. First, and most obvious, the Innocent may be wrongly executed. There Is proof of wrongfully executed people. Yes, It Is very rare but it has happened before. Secondly, some Jurors are reluctant to convict If It meaner putting someone to death (Should). It Is bad enough to convict someone of a crime they did not do, sentencing an Innocent person to Jail time. Sentencing an Innocent person to death, Is an even more guilt- earning act.Meaning, some Jurors will not convict at all If they know they will have anything to do with putting a person to death. It may be because of their religious beliefs, uncertainty, or anything of that nature. Lastly, capital punish ment Is much more expensive than life In prison. It costs around $500,000 to keep a person In prison (Reasons). Executions cost approximately $2 million per person (Reasons). A large amount of this money comes from the taxpayers! Many people are for capital punishment and have strong beliefs on why It should stay In the U. S.First, the death penalty gives closure to the families of slain vellums (Should). They feel like Justice has been served. Secondly, It contributes to the problem of overpopulation In the prison system (Should). It Is true all U. S. And state federal prisons are overpopulated, some as much as 33% (U. S. ). Another reason people are pro-capital punishment, Is because DNA testing Is now available and can now effectively eliminate almost all uncertainty as to a person's guilt or Innocence (Should). Many people who opposed the death penalty are now for It, all because of the availability of DNA testing.They think If DNA proves a person Is guilty, then they are guilty . However, what If there Is not any DNA evidence, but other evidence linking a person to a crime such as, an eyewitness? Executing the murderer of a volt will give closure to the velum's family. What If simply meaner the real murderer is out on the street and able to take more lives. Pro capital punishment activists believe executing death row inmates will help solve the overpopulation problem in the U. S prisons. Obviously, yes it would but why would you want to think of a person as a waste of space?That person could actually be innocent and ultimately executed to help with the overpopulation Just because he was wrongfully convicted. Pro capital punishment activists also believe since DNA evidence is available now, there is almost no way a person can be wrongfully convicted. However, like Troy Davis' trial, some cases have no DNA evidence linking to them to a crime. WSDL you still execute them? The United States is ranked fifth in the world behind China, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Ira q, among the number of executions (Death).

Aristo Book 5 experiment answer Essay

HKDSE CHEMISTRY – A Modern View (Chemistry) Experiment Workbook 5 Suggested answers Chapter 52 Importance of industrial processes Chapter 53 Rate equation Experiment 53.1 Determining the rate equation of a reaction using method of initial rate (A microscale experiment) 1 Chapter 54 Activation energy Experiment 54.1 Determining the activation energy of a chemical reaction 3 Chapter 55 Catalysis and industrial processes Experiment 55.1 Investigating the action of a catalyst 6 Experiment 55.2 Investigating homogeneous catalysis 8 Experiment 55.3Investigating ways to change the rate of a reaction with a suitable catalyst 9 Experiment 55.3 Sample laboratory report 13 Experiment 55.4Preparing ethanol by fermentation 16 Chapter 56 Industrial processes Chapter 57 Green chemistry for industrial processes Chapter 53Rate equation Experiment 53.1Determining the rate equation of a reaction using method of initial rate (A microscale experiment) 7. and 11.(a) Well number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Number of drops of 0.5 M Na2S2O3(aq) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 Time, t (s) 14.2 15.8 17.8 20.4 23.8 28.6 35.7 47.6 (sï€ ­1) 0.070 0.063 0.056 0.049 0.042 0.035 0.028 0.021 10. and 12.(a) Well number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Number of drops of 1.0 M H2SO4(aq) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 Time, t (s) 59.4 59.7 60.0 60.7 59.9 60.0 61.0 60.5 (sï€ ­1) 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.016 0.017 11.(a)inversely (b) (c)1 12.(b)0 (c)From the results in Table 53.2, the readings of time are close, indicating that the reaction is of zeroth order with respect to H+(aq). 13.Rate = k[S2O32ï€ ­(aq)] 14.S2O32ï€ ­(aq) + 2H+(aq) ï‚ ® S(s) + SO2(g) + H2O(l) 15.In this experiment, the time for the formation of a fixed, but small amount of insoluble sulphur precipitate is measured. The shorter the time, the faster is the reaction. It is assumed that the extent of reaction is still small when the time is recorded, so that the time recorded can be used as a measurement of initial rate of the reaction. Chapter 54Activation Energy Experiment 54.1Determining the activation energy of a chemical reaction 5. Temperature of the reaction mixture ( °C) 15 25 35 45 55 Time for the appearance of dark blue colour (s) 679 (at 11 °C) 232 (at 27 °C) 112 (at 37 °C) 80 (at 43 °C) 33 (at 56 °C) 6.(a)rate constant; activation energy; Universal gas constant; temperature; (b) log () ï€ ­2.83 ï€ ­2.37 ï€ ­2.05 ï€ ­1.90 ï€ ­1.52 3.52 3.33 3.23 3.16 3.04 (c) (d)ï€ ­2750 (e)slope = ï€ ­2750 = Ea = 2750 Ãâ€" 2.3 Ãâ€" 8.314 J molï€ ­1 = 52 586 J molï€ ­1 = 52.6 kJ molï€ ­1 7.Arrhenius equation; log k = log A 8.straight line; 9.S2O82ï€ ­(aq) + 2Iï€ ­(aq) ï‚ ® 2SO42ï€ ­(aq) + I2(aq) 10.To monitor the formation of iodine from the reaction of S2O82ï€ ­(aq) ions and Iï€ ­(aq) ions. 11.When all S2O82ï€ ­(aq) ions have reacted, any iodine formed will turn the starch solution dark blue. The time for this colour change is a measure of the rate of reaction shown in question 9. (Note: The reaction rate is inversely proportional to the time taken for the starch solution to turn dark blue.) 12.The amount of reactants used in each experiment may not be exactly the same. There may be an error in measuring or reading the temperatures from the thermometers. As the colour change of the solution mixture is not a sudden one, especially at low temperatures, there may be an error in recording the time of colour change. Chapter 55Catalysis and industrial processes Experiment 55.1Investigating the action of catalyst 1.(b)No. 5.(b) Time (s) 10 20 30 40 50 60 Volume of O2(g) released (cm3), with the addition of 0.5 g MnO2(s) 30 60 85 95 96 96 Time (s) 70 80 90 100 110 120 Volume of O2(g) released (cm3), with the addition of 0.5 g MnO2(s) 96 6.(b) Time (s) 10 20 30 40 50 60 Volume of O2(g) released (cm3), with the addition of 1.5 g MnO2(s) 70 90 95 96 96 Time (s) 70 80 90 100 110 120 Volume of O2(g) released (cm3), with the addition of 1.5 g MnO2(s) 8. 9.Manganese(IV) oxide MnO2(s) 10.2H2O2(aq) ï‚ ® 2H2O(l) + O2(g) 11.(a)The addition of manganese(IV) oxide greatly increases the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. (b)(i)The initial rate of reaction is higher. (ii)The total time of reaction is shorter. (Note: increasing the amount of catalyst would increase the reaction rate.) (c)No. 12.Add more H2O2(aq) to the reaction mixture, rapid effervescence shows that manganese(IV) oxide has not been used up in the reaction. The catalytic property of manganese(IV) oxide is still present. Experiment 55.2Investigating homogeneous catalysis 5.Mixture ‘y’. It has a characteristic sweet smell like certain glues or nail polish removers. 6.ethyl ethanoate; concentrated sulphuric acid 7.CH3COOH(l) + CH3CH2OH(l) â‡Å' CH3COOCH2CH3(l) + H2O(l) 8.Homogeneous catalyst. This is because all species are in the same phase in the reaction, i.e. the liquid phase. 9.Sodium carbonate solution reacts with any unreacted ethanoic acid left in the reaction mixture. The strong vinegar smell of ethanoic acid is thus removed. The salt sodium ethanoate formed has no smell. Besides, the ester is insoluble in water and floats on the water surface. This makes us easier to detect the smell of ester. Experiment 55.3Investigating ways to change the rate of a reaction with a suitable catalyst 1.Apparatus: Safety spectacles Protective gloves Conical flask (100 cm3) 5 measuring cylinders (10 cm3) Dropper Stopwatch Boiling tube White tile Chemicals: Ammonium peroxodisulphate solution (0.020 M) Potassium iodide solution (0.50 M) Sodium thiosulphate solution (0.010 M) 0.2% starch solution Iron(II) chloride solution (~0.010 M) Distilled water 2. What you will keep constant (Controlled variable) What you will change (Independent variable) What you will measure (Dependent variable) volume of ammonium peroxodisulphate solution volume of potassium iodide solution volume of sodium thiosulphate solution amount of 0.2% starch solution with or without using iron(II) solution the time for the appearance of the dark blue colour 3. Figure 1 4. (1)Using a measuring cylinder, add 10 cm3 of ammonium peroxodisulphate solution to a conical flask. (2)Using different measuring cylinders, add 5 cm3 of potassium iodide solution, 5 cm3 of sodium thiosulphate solution, 1 cm3 of iron(II) chloride solution and 2.5 cm3 of starch solution to a boiling tube. (3)Pour the contents in the boiling tube into the conical flask. (4)Immediately start the stopwatch. (5)When a dark blue colour of the starch-iodine complex appears in the solution, stop the stopwatch. (6)Record the time for the appearance of the dark blue colour in Table 1. (7)Repeat steps (1) to (6), but replace iron(II) chloride solution with 1 cm3 of distilled water. 5. Risk assessment form 6. Time for the appearance of the dark blue colour With Fe2+(aq) ions (as a catalyst) added 59 s Without any catalyst added 3 mins and 52 s Table 1 7.The reaction involves the collision of two negatively charged ions, S2O82ï€ ­(aq) ions and Iï€ ­(aq) ions, which actually repel each other. 8.S2O82ï€ ­(aq) + 2Fe2+(aq) ï‚ ® 2SO42ï€ ­(aq) + 2Fe3+(aq) 2Fe3+(aq) + 2Iï€ ­(aq) ï‚ ® 2Fe2+(aq) + I2(aq) 9.Referring to the two equations in question 8, the S2O82ï€ ­(aq) ions oxidize the Fe2+(aq) ions to Fe3+(aq) ions. At the same time, the S2O82ï€ ­(aq) ions are reduced to SO42ï€ ­(aq) ions. The Fe3+(aq) ions are strong oxidizing agents that oxidize Iï€ ­(aq) ions to I2(aq). At the same time, Fe3+(aq) ions are reduced back to Fe2+(aq) ions (i.e. the catalyst is regenerated). Both the equations shown in question 8 involve the collision between positive and negative ions. This will be much more likely to be successful than the collision between two negative ions in the uncatalysed reaction. Thus, the activation energy of this pathway will be lower and the reaction rate will also be higher. 10.The chemical reaction can be speeded up by the addition of iron(II) ions, which act as a homogeneous catalyst of this reaction. 11.It can be regenerated after the reaction. OR It is specific in action. OR A small amount of catalyst is usually enough for the catalytic action. 12.Homogeneous catalyst is one which has the same phase as the reactants and products. Sample laboratory report Title: Investigating ways to change the rate of a reaction with a suitable catalyst Objective To design and carry out an experiment to investigate ways to change the rate of a reaction – by the use of a suitable catalyst. Apparatus and materials Safety spectacles Protective gloves Conical flask (100 cm3) 5 measuring cylinders (10 cm3) Dropper Stopwatch Boiling tube White tile Ammonium peroxodisulphate solution (0.020 M) Potassium iodide solution (0.50 M) Sodium thiosulphate solution (0.010 M) 0.2% starch solution Iron(II) chloride solution (~0.010 M) Distilled water Chemical reactions involved S2O82ï€ ­(aq) + 2Fe2+(aq) ï‚ ® 2SO42ï€ ­(aq) + 2Fe3+(aq) 2Fe3+(aq) + 2Iï€ ­(aq) ï‚ ® 2Fe2+(aq) + I2(aq) Procedure 1.Using a measuring cylinder, 10 cm3 of ammonium peroxodisulphate solution was added to a conical flask. 2.Using different measuring cylinders, 5 cm3 of potassium iodide solution, 5 cm3 of sodium thiosulphate solution, 1 cm3 of iron(II) chloride solution and 2.5 cm3 of starch solution were added to a boiling tube. 3.The contents in the boiling tube were poured into the conical flask. 4.The stopwatch was started immediately. 5.When a dark blue colour of the starch-iodine complex appeared in the solution, the stopwatch was stopped. 6.The time for the appearance of the dark blue colour was recorded in Table 1. 7.Steps (1) to (6) were repeated, but iron(II) chloride solution was replaced with 1 cm3 of distilled water. Results Time for the appearance of the dark blue colour With Fe2+(aq) ions (as a catalyst) added 59 s Without any catalyst added 3 mins and 52 s Table 1 After mixing all the chemicals in the conical flask, the reaction mixture with Fe2+(aq) ions will take a shorter time for the dark blue colour to appear. Analysis 1. In the absence of Fe2+(aq) ions, the reaction between S2O82ï€ ­(aq) ions and I ­Ã‚ ­Ã¯â‚¬ ­(aq) ions is slow. As both reactant ions are negatively charged, they tend to repel each other. However, when Fe2+(aq) ions are added, the reaction becomes faster. Fe2+(aq) ions have the same phase (i.e. aqueous phase) as the reactants and products, so they are homogeneous catalyst of this reaction. 2. Fe2+(aq) ions is a reducing agent which can reduce S2O82ï€ ­(aq) ions to SO42ï€ ­(aq) ions. The Fe3+(aq) ions formed act as an oxidizing agent, which oxidize I ­Ã‚ ­Ã¯â‚¬ ­(aq) ions to I2(aq) ions and regenerate Fe2+(aq) ions again. Being a catalyst, Fe2+(aq) ions are not consumed in the catalytic process. Discussion 1.Either Fe2+(aq) ions are Fe3+(aq) ions is a good choice of catalyst for this reaction because the interconversion between Fe2+ and Fe3+ facilitates the reaction between S2O82ï€ ­(aq) ions and I ­Ã‚ ­Ã¯â‚¬ ­(aq) ions to occur. 2.The catalytic property of Fe2+(aq) ions may be due to the fact that it is easier for the negatively charged S2O82ï€ ­(aq) ions to approach the positively charged Fe2+(aq) ions. The same is true when the positively charged Fe3+(aq) ions formed can approach the negatively charged I ­Ã‚ ­Ã¯â‚¬ ­(aq) ions easier. 3.The experiment is just a simple test tube experiment but the result (colour change) is quite obvious and easy to detect. Conclusion The chemical reaction can be speeded up by the addition of Fe2+(aq) ions, which act as a homogeneous catalyst of this reaction. Answers to questions for further thought 11.It can be regenerated after the reaction. OR It is specific in action. OR A small amount of catalyst is usually enough for the catalytic action. 12.Homogeneous catalyst is one which has the same phase as the reactants and products. Experiment 55.4Preparing ethanol by fermentation 3.(b) Glucose solution with yeast Glucose solution without yeast Appearance of the glucose solution a pale brown suspension a clear solution Observations in the limewater clear and colourless clear and colourless 6.(d)Acidified potassium dichromate solution changes colour from orange to green. (f)No colour change for the acidified potassium dichromate solution. 7. Glucose solution with yeast Glucose solution without yeast Appearance of the glucose solution cloudy; a pale brown suspension clear, no visible change Observations in the limewater milky remains clear and colourless Smell of the glucose solution a smell of alcohol no characteristic smell 8.catalyst 9.ethanol; carbon dioxide 10.The solution turns milky. It indicates that carbon dioxide is produced during fermentation. 11.In the presence of yeast, glucose is converted to ethanol. The presence of ethanol is indicated by the colour change of the reaction with acidified potassium dichromate solution. Ethanol is a reducing agent. It reduces dichromate ions to chromium(III) ions.

Giant Water Bugs, Family Belostomatidae

Giant Water Bugs, Family Belostomatidae Theres a reason members of the family Belostomatidae are called giants. The giant water bugs include the biggest insects in their entire order. North American species can reach 2.5 inches long, but the size record for this family belongs to a South American species that measures a full 4 inches in length at maturity. These hulking Hemipterans lurk below the surface of ponds and lakes, where theyre known to nip at the toes of unsuspecting waders. What Do Giant Water Bugs Look Like? Giant water bugs go by a number of different nicknames. Theyre called toe biters for their habit of sampling peoples feet (which, as you might imagine, is a startling and painful experience). Some call them electric light bugs, because as adults these winged behemoths can and do fly, and will show up around porch lights during mating season. Others call them fish killers. In Florida, people sometimes call them alligator ticks. No matter the nickname, theyre big and they bite. Members of the family of giant water bugs shares certain morphological traits. Their bodies are oval and elongate in shape, and appear flattened. They have raptorial front legs, made for grasping prey, with thick femora. Giant water bugs have short heads, and even shorter antennae, which are tucked beneath the eyes. A beak, or rostrum, folds under the head, just as in terrestrial true bugs, like assassin bugs. They breathe by means of two small appendages at the end of the abdomen, which function like siphons. How Are Giant Water Bugs Classified? Kingdom – AnimaliaPhylum – ArthropodaClass – InsectaOrder – HemipteraFamily - Belostomatidae What Do Giant Water Bugs Eat? A giant water bug eats just what you would expect a large, predaceous, aquatic insect to eat: other insects, tadpoles, small fish, and snails. Theyll eat whatever they can catch, and they dont concern themselves with finding small prey.  Giant water bugs can overpower critters several times their size with their strong, grasping forelegs. According to some sources, giant water bugs have even been known to capture and consume small birds. Like all true bugs, giant water bugs have piercing, sucking mouthparts. They pierce their prey, inject them with strong digestive enzymes, and then suck up the pre-digested bits. The Life Cycle of Giant Water Bugs Giant water bugs undergo incomplete metamorphosis, just as all true bugs do. The young eclose (emerge from their eggs) looking much like miniature versions of their parents. The nymphs are entirely aquatic. They  molt and grow several times until they reach adulthood and sexual maturity. Interesting Behaviors of Giant Water Bugs Perhaps the most fascinating thing about giant water bugs is the way they care for their offspring. In some genera (Belostoma and Abedus), the female deposits her eggs on her mates back. The male giant water bug is tasked with caring for the eggs until they hatch in 1-2 weeks. During this time, he protects them from predators, and regularly brings them to the surface for oxygen. He will also move to stir up the water around his body, keeping it oxygenated. In other species (genus Lethocerus), the mated female deposits her eggs on aquatic vegetation, above the water line. But males still play a role in their care. The male will usually stay submerged near the plants stem, and will periodically climb out of the water and wet the eggs with water from his body. Giant water bugs are also known to play dead when threatened, a behavior is known as thanatosis. If you happen to scoop up a giant water bug in a dip net while exploring your local pond, dont be fooled! That dead water bug might just wake up and bite you. Where Do Giant Water Bugs Live? Giant water bugs number about 160 species worldwide, but only 19 species inhabit the U.S. and Canada. Throughout their range, giant water bugs live in ponds, lakes, and even drainage ditches. Sources: Borror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th edition, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. Johnson.Guide to Aquatic Insects and Crustaceans, Izaak Walton League of America.Belostomatidae, University of California-Riverside. Accessed February 21, 2013.Giant Water Bugs, Electric Light Bugs, Lethocerus, Abedus, Belostoma (Insecta: Hemiptera: Belostomatidae), by Paul M. Choate, University of Florida Extension. Accessed online February 21, 2013.Giant Water Bugs, Electric Light Bugs, University of Florida. Accessed February 21, 2013.Family Belostomatidae - Giant Water Bugs, BugGuide.Net. Accessed February 21, 2013.Giant Water Bug Parents, The Dragonfly Woman. Accessed February 21, 2013.

Mothers Day Etymology Where Does Mom Come From

Mothers Day Etymology Where Does Mom Come From Mother’s Day Etymology: Where Does â€Å"Mom† Come From? Today is Mother’s Day, the day we thank our female parents for their love and patience. But where do the words â€Å"mother† and â€Å"mom† come from? Why are there so many words for mothers in English? And are they all correct? Let’s take a (motherly) look and find out. The Origins of Mother The modern English â€Å"mother† comes from the Old English term modor. And â€Å"mom,† along with other of informal or shortened terms such as â€Å"mommy† and â€Å"ma,† are often traced to this root. Interestingly, though, these shorter words may be even older. The word â€Å"mama† appears in some form in dozens of languages, including Mandarin (Mma), Hindi (mÄ Ã¡ ¹Æ') and Arabic (mÄ ma). This is because simple noises like â€Å"mama† and â€Å"papa† are among most babies’ first vocalizations. We imagine â€Å"mama† means â€Å"feed me† most of the time.(Photo: amyelizabethquinn) The theory, then, is that â€Å"mother† and its modern variations are all rooted in the baby talk of â€Å"mama.† So one thing we have in common with our earliest ancestors may be our words for â€Å"mom.†   Mom, Mum or Mam? In the US, most people call their mothers â€Å"mom.† But you may have heard â€Å"mum† or â€Å"mam† used as well, especially in other countries. So why are there so many variations on this term? Largely, it’s a matter of where you come from. The three terms we’ve picked out here, for instance, are all associated with different places: Mom is most associated with American English. Mum is common in Australia and the UK (especially England). Mam is common in Ireland, Wales, and parts of northern England. These are all accepted terms for â€Å"mother† in one place or another, so your preference will usually depend on where you grew up. And the â€Å"correct† spelling will depend on the dialect in question. But in American English, you are usually safe sticking with â€Å"mom.† But which came first? Well, â€Å"mam† is probably the oldest of the three spellings above, since the earliest recorded use of â€Å"mama† in English dates back to 1707. By comparison, the earliest appearances of â€Å"mum† and â€Å"mom† are from 1823 and 1867, respectively. Whatever your chosen term, though, we hope all the mothers out there are having a great day! And, mother or not, we hope you’ve enjoyed our etymological look at motherhood.

Exchange Mergers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Exchange Mergers - Essay Example Mergers continued to occur in the 1970’s and 1980s but it wasn’t until the 1990s that mergers started to occur for a different reason. After 1990 mergers were being form to obtain operating efficiencies among two entities to compete against other players in an industry. Mergers have occurred in many industry including the airline, computer and retail industry. A particular business segment in which merger activity was not a common occurrence was among stock exchange institutions. There had been mergers in the past, but recently this segment of the financial services industry has been bombarded by multiple huge types of merger transactions among players in this industries including transaction across different international boundaries. This industry has changed and new alliances are changing the rules of the game. This paper studies the new tendencies of merging among stock exchanges and it describes the implication these new tendencies have in the Canadian exchanges and the investment atmosphere. A stock exchange is a place on which shares of stocks and common stocks equivalents are bought and sold, basically a marketplace for financial assets (Investorwords). There are numerous stock exchanges in different parts of the worlds such as Canada, the United States, Australia, Japan, London, China, Europe among other locations. All these marketplace work independently but always have cooperated with each other when possible to satisfy the needs of clients when orders where placed for stocks not traded in their particular marketplace. The stock exchange business interest in the stock market is to have companies registered their stocks with their particular stock exchange to benefit from commission transaction of having companies participate in their particular exchange. The competition among exchanges became fierce and like other industries cost began to rise due to inflation and